Prematurity is defined as an infant born before 37 weeks gestation. Approximately 10 percent of babies born in the United States are premature, with survivors born as early as 24 weeks gestation.
Multiple pregnancy accounts for approximately 15 percent of premature births.
Complications are related to immaturity of organ systems. Common problems associated with prematurity include
- Respiratory distress
- Jaundice
- Apnea
- Inability to breast or bottle feed
- Neurological problems
There is also a risk of delayed growth and development of the premature infant. Developmental disorders associated with prematurity include motor disorders, such as hypotonia, cerebral palsy and minor motor dysfunction, as well as learning disorders, including intellectual disabilities, specific learning disabilities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Risk factors for prematurity include:
- Lack of pre-natal care
- Low socioeconomic status
- Poor nutrition
- Poor education
- Substance abuse
- Adolescent pregnancy
Prognosis for survival and development improves with increasing length of pregnancy; however, of those babies born at 28 weeks gestational age, approximately 80 percent survive, with most living free of disability.
Additional Resources:
- Knowledge Path: Children with Special Health Care Needs
- United Cerebral Palsy
- Exceptional Parent Magazine
- Premature Baby, Premature Child
- Premies and Prematurity Resources
